Minimum Wage Dispute In Nepal

                The Minimum Wage rate defined by the government on 23rd May by publishing a notice for the low wage earners in Industries has been denied by the Federation for Nepalese Chambers of Commerce and Industries. The government has overlooked the agreement sought between the Federation, Other Employers and the Trade Unions. The Federation has clarified it cannot agree on the Government bill that has been passed without considering the 11 point consensus agreed upon by the stakeholders. The Federation also requested the Government to establish an environment for the agreement to be acted upon and also reminded the Government to rethink their activity in time or be responsible for the misunderstandings that may be created by the notice.

                 “The notice is already a law since the date of publication and cannot be changed or overlooked at any cost” says the Labor Ministry Spokesperson Poorna Chandra Bhattarai. This law could have been discussed earlier but after the publication, it is not so easy and every institution within the country has to provide the monthly wage of NRP 6,200 monthly at the minimum and for the daily wage earners the rate has been fixed at NRP 231 daily.

                The Federation is not happy with the Government’s move as the economic sector of the country is already in a low due to various factors and the government has created a new problem by publishing this notice when all was well after the last consensus between the Federation, employers and the Trade Unions. Now the Notice has created a new situation which may drive the Trade Union into fractions and the Industries may again fall into the maze of strikes and shutdowns. Yet another strike in the already struggling industrial sector might be just too much for the industries to keep going.

                The Government on the other hand is very positive about its move and is dedicated to ensure the wage increment and ready to investigate if need be. The Notice has been published after the Trade Union was not happy with the consensus derived along with the Federation says a Government Personnel.

Courtesy: Kantipur News Daily  

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executive summary of "GREEN-TEL (ethanol blending company business plan)"

1.    Business description

Green-tel Industries is a manufacturer of bioethanol from molasses and other lignocellulosic plants. This company is situated in Pokhara industrial estate, Pokhara. At this situation of energy crisis and degrading condition of the of environment the use of bio ethanol as 100% gasoline or blended in conventional gasoline could be a new step for the solution of the energy crisis and healthy environment.

This company uses new and modern technology for the production and for targeted market is Pokhara. The main reason of taking Pokhara as first market is small market and environment of market is not deteriorated and should be protected in view of tourism.

2.    Location and facilities

Presently all facilities required for the production and operation such as collection of raw material, production, storage, administration etc. are executed through plant located in Pokhara industrial estate. And part of administration is also will be in capital Kathmandu for the ease in conversation with capitalists, banks, stakeholders, state, government etc.

The infrastructure consists of

a.       Offices

b.      Manufacturing plants

c.       Storage system

d.      Transportation

e.       Form of the organization

Green-tel Industries is a partnership form of organization consisting of four members as a partner. All the rules and regulation are followed as per general partnership agreement. All the partners have their active participation in operating the organization. They are designated different function as their capabilities, experience and qualification. All the partners have contributed equal investment with equal rights and functions. They also share equal profit and losses and after all they have unlimited liability. Green-tel Industries employs 21 Full time staff.

The product which we are producing is today’s most desired product in every aspect of life. Due certain restriction everyone is not able to make it their part of life. 

3.    Capital requirements

Total initial investment amount to Rs 26236328.20. Among them 70% is funded from the bank loan and remaining investment is collected from each partner. All the payments for importing machineries and equipment are made through banks in foreign currencies through Letter of Credit.

The repayment of the loan to the external lender can be made in installments basis with an interest rate of 10%. The assets of company are unencumbered and the company has no debts at the present time.

Preface to "Ethanol Production and Blending in Nepal"

Starting and operating a new business involve considerable risk and effort to overcome the inertia against creating something new. In creating and growing a new venture, the entrepreneur assumes the responsibility and risk for its development and survival and enjoys the corresponding rewards. The fact that consumer, businesspeople, and government officials are interested in entrepreneurship is shown in increasing research on the subject, the large number of college courses and seminars on the topic, the more than 2 million new enterprises started each year despite a 70% failure rate, the significant coverage and focus by the media, and the realization that this is an important topic for industrialized, developing and once-controlled economies.

It is well known fact the known sources of fossil fuels in the world are depleting very fast and by the turn of the century, man will have to increasingly depend upon renewable resources of energy. So to develop new technologies for the extraction of renewable sources of energy many studies are being performed. The maximum use of fossils fuel is in automobile industry so if we able to replace petrol and diesel then this world will take breathe. And remembering the current environment situation of the world like global warming, increment of green house gases, depletion of ozone layer, etc. the use of renewable energy should be encouraged.   

Realizing this present situation, the biotechnological production of fuel ethanol from different raw material is necessary to protect this world. Hence the production bio ethanol from molasses is reasonable in our country.  The complexity of biomass processing is recognized through the analysis of the different stages involved in the conversion of lignocelluloses complex into fermentable sugar.       

Preface to "Technologies in Pharmaceutical Industries in Nepal"

This report has been prepared and submitted as a part of industrial orientation for group work and presentation on integral part of Bachelor of industrial engineering program.

As a part of industrial orientation and to be familiar with the status and issues of pharmaceutical industries in Nepal, we have tried this mini-project as far as we can within the limitation of resources, data and information available. In today’s world of competition, every Company/industries has to compete for existence. Therefore in order to survive and to be in good position the Company must analyze its infrastructure, management and its market positions, technical assessment of the firm.

This report consist the generalization and common aspects of the different types of pharmaceutical industries, specially the position and the technical strength along with problems that are being faced and solved. The report also posses the technical aspect in overall importing, processing, quality control, packing of variety of medicines, therefore includes the common Technologies used in pharmaceutical industries.

The different types of the pharmaceutical products and the industries related to them can be found in Nepal. The process used in production, the technical aspects, quality control and other similar types technologies and technical plants are being analyzed for each type of products. The report specially focuses the modern pharmaceutical products and their equipments. The report therefore can give the general ideas about the Nepalese pharmaceutical industries, their objectives in Nepal and their technical status and issues.

Preface to "Dairy Processing in Nepal"

This report has been prepared and submitted as a part of industrial orientation for group work and presentation on integral part of Bachelor of industrial engineering program.

As a part of industrial orientation and to be familiar with the Dairy processing technologies in Nepal, we have tried this mini-project as far as we can within the limitation of data and information available. In a country like Nepal where 80% of its population is farmers, it is very important that the population get into livestock business and the government improve the dairy processing facilities available to the poor farmers. It is one of the ways by which the living standards of the poor farmers can be raised. This repot consist the generalization and common aspects of the different types of processing technologies present, mechanism adopted by the DDC, issues concerning the processes in DDC and long term vision for dairy processing.

Preface to "Operation and Maintenance of Aircraft Industries in Nepal"

This report has been prepared and submitted as a part of industrial orientation for group work and presentation on integral part of Bachelor of industrial engineering program.

As a part of industrial orientation and to be familiar with the operation & maintenance of Aircraft industries in Nepal, we have tried this mini-project as far as we can within the limitation of maintenance, data and information available. In today’s world of competition, every aircraft Company/industries has to compete for existence. Therefore in order to survive and to be in good position the aircraft industries must analyze its infrastructure, management and its maintenance system. This symbolizes its operation & maintenance.

This repot consist the generalization and common aspects of the different types of aircraft industries, background of airlines, objectives of study, operation and maintenance of aircraft industries. Specially the maintenance, operation and the technical strength along with problems. The report therefore includes the general operation & maintenance of aircraft industries in Nepal.

The different types of the airlines found in Nepal and the report specially focuses the maintenance, types of maintenance used in airlines industries. The report therefore can give the general ideas about the Nepalese aircraft industries and uses of tools & equipments. 

Preface to Report "Manufacturing Technologies in Nepal"

This project report is in due course of Bachelor’s Industrial Engineering II year I part. Under the course material of “Mini Project” we have prepared a report on “Manufacturing Technology Used and Applied in Nepal”.

Since, the coverage of this topic is very wide and incopeable at present level, the evaluation have just incorporated a specific area of study. Due to the insufficiency of time different firms and industries could not be visited up to the level of satisfactory. Even though, we have tried for our level best to cope up with maximum industries they are functioning at smooth level at present context.

Thus our basic study was focused on following industries types:

1.         Dairy and Dairy Products

2.         Textile industries

3.         Biscuit and Chocolate industries

4.         Fabricating industries

5.         Turbine and suspension bridge manufacturing industries

The above mentioned firms have their own specific manufacturing process. These processes have been elusively illustrated in the latter sections of this report. However, it will be a fatuous to mention that these industries will fulfill the core study of manufacturing technologies used in Nepal.

One of the disserting factors being the eco-political of current situation in Nepal. Due to the constrained in adequate supply of electricity and water in the industries the industries run only on the period basis, which hindered us from visiting the plant. Also, due to inadequate supply of raw materials industries sustain a major setback in running the industries. Hence, in conjecture we happened to visit firms on these occasions and awfully had to find another way of resilience.

We felt even more traumatic to draw the attention of the dignitaries of different firms as some of them consistently disagreed to our approach. However, providing them with suggestive augments about our objective behind the visit, we were able to assure them. On the other hand, there were firms where we were allowed a easy get to pass visit.

The level of our study has not met the proficiency level but different technologies that we encountered have been explained elaborately in this report. Similarly, subsequent procedures applied to produce the product, using the available technology have been explained herewith.

Hence, this report has been prepared as a detail study of our field visit, excursion, and direct or indirect interaction with different professionals we have met during the whole tenure of the report preparation.

Finally, on the nutshell, this report has tried to incorporate the technologies used in different firms in Nepal. Data collected have been interpreted as understood by the group. Hence, we apologize for any error in presentation.

Nepal's Advantage

Nepal’s comparative advantage lies in its rich and renewable resources (including arts and crafts) and its proximity to two economic giants India and China. The advantages could be used to create an entrepreneurial culture and to develop local entrepreneurship among unemployed youth, women, ethnic minorities and socially deprived especially in the rural areas of Nepal. There is tremendous scope and opportunities to grow such resources at all levels, from harvesting to enterprise development.

Nepal is a blooming ground for many types diverse natural resource because of its geographic and climatic diversity. From the hot Tropics of the Terai to the Tundra of the Himalayas Nepal houses varieties of flora and fauna and different minerals that can be economically exploited. But the bitter truth is the fact that Nepal is unable to exploit its resources in a beneficial way. We are today exporting raw materials and importing the goods made from the same materials.

This is also true in case of Human Resources. Nepal is a common garden of 4 castes and 36 sub-castes and there is a wide variety of ethnic and indigenous skills. We can say that each sub-caste has its own indigenous skill. But instead of using their skills and crafts inside the country people tend to go abroad to use their skills.

Nepal can be a very prestigious country if the resources were to be properly utilized, processed inside the country to upgrade its value and exploitation of the markets of neighbouring Economic giants India and China. For this purpose, the best way in my vision is the promotion of Entrepreneurial Culture through Small and Medium Enterprises and giving them expansion options to a higher place in the value chain.

Industrial Engineering In Nepal

Realizing the country's need and opportunities, Institute of Engineering, Thapathali Campus under Tribhuwan University has started Industrial Engineering bachelor level program since 2005 A.D. (2062 B.S.). This course is focused in producing young qualified Nepalese manager with sound technical background to meet the demand of the industrial sector in Nepal and even abroad.The course provides almost 60% technical knowledge, especially focusing on the demand of Nepalese industry and organizations and 40% management knowledge. With the basics of Mechanical engineering subjects such as Mechanics, Statics, Strength of Materials, Thermodynamics, Fluid Dynamics, Material Science, Machine Design and Workshop Technology there is also special focus on Automobile engineering as well as Renewable Energy System Design along with energy efficiency, etc. As a part of management stream the course offers Industrial Management, Project Management, Industrial Laws, Workstudy and Ergonomic studies, Operations Research, Quality Management, Statistics, Entrepreneurship etc. Other essential parts of education such as Computer Aided Design and Manufacture, Computer Programming, Database management and prediction etc. have also been covered. A group work of preparing theoretical reports each semester gives an opportunity for the students to study the field of their personal interest that Is difficult to be covered in the course and also builds their personality and confidence. Also the final year project gives the opportunity to learn by building a working prototype of any system. As a part of program, each student has to attend On-Job-Training for the entire last semester. This program helps the students to be exposed in the working environment and students get insight into the practical aspects of the organization, so that they can easily adapt in working environment and bring better outputs sooner. This provides the best window for the students to secure a job before they have actually completed their degree.

Industrial Engineering

Industrial engineers draw upon the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design, as well as mathematics, physical and social sciences together with the principles and methods of management science to specify, predict and evaluate the results to be obtained from integrated systems of people, equipment, energy, and material. Industrial engineers work to eliminate wastes of time, money, materials, energy and other resources. Industrial engineers have competency to overview all features of manufacturing or service like production planning, quality management, project management, plant layout design and ergonomics. 
Industrial engineering is also known as operations management, management science, systems engineering, or manufacturing engineering; a distinction that seems to depend on the viewpoint or motives of the user. One of the central principles in industrial engineering is the "system" concept. A system is any organization or business process in which people, materials, information, equipment, processes or energy interact in an integrated fashion. This high-level view of business operations enables industrial engineers to manage various industries. Therefore, industrial engineers apply their skills across a diverse set of sectors such as financial, healthcare, manufacturing, retail, logistics, aviation and education.